The Jewish community of Didymoteicho was gradually formed by Romaniotes and Ashkenazim who sought refuge in the area due to persecutions and population movements. From the late 19th century, the city emerged as a commercial center, attracting many Jews who were primarily involved in exports. The community developed a rich social life, establishing a school, associations, and a hospital. In 1943, the Jews were arrested and deported, leading to the near total destruction of the community — out of 900 members, only 33 survived.